Henry Richmund Inigo-Jones, BA

• Matriculated: 1909

• Born: 17 December 1891

• Died: 14 September 1914

• Regiment: Scots Guards

• Grave/Memorial: La Ferté-sous-Jouarre Memorial

Family background

b. 17 December 1891 at 10, South Audley Street, Mayfair, London W1, as the only son of Colonel (later Major-General) Inigo Richmund Jones, JP, CB, CVO (1848–1914), and his second wife Elinor Margaret Inigo Jones (sic) (née Charteris; 1859–1940) (m. 1888), of 10, South Audley Street, Mayfair, London W1, and Kelston Park, about three miles from Bath, Somerset. Kelston Park was a magnificent mansion overlooking the River Avon in an estate of c.185 acres that had been designed by Capability Brown (1716–83). The house was built for Sir Caesar Hawkins (1711–86), a leading surgeon, in 1765–70, and came into Inigo-Jones’s family via his paternal grandmother Ann Maria Jones (née Neeld) (c.1812–1889) (m. 1844). At the time of the 1891 Census, Kelston Park employed 13 domestic servants (including a German governess, a French butler, a Welsh valet, a footman and a stable boy, plus a gardener and his family in the Lodge). At the time of the 1901 Census, the General was in South Africa but the family were at Kelston Park with ten servants (including a governess); at the time of the 1911 Census, Kelston Park employed nine domestic servants (including a butler, a valet and a footman, plus a groom in the stables and a gardener and his family in the Lodge).

 

 

The family surname was Jones even though, on occasion, Inigo Jones (no hyphen) was used. This usage was formalized by the Major-General’s brother, the Reverend Ralph William Inigo Jones (1851–1930), who was Curate of Rockbourne, Hampshire, 1886–90; Curate of St Michael Stoke, Devonport, 1890–91; and Rector of Tatterford with Tatterset, Fakenham, Norfolk, 1891–1923. He assumed the surname of Inigo-Jones by deed poll in 1914 – presumably when he became Lord of the Manor of Kelston (and spent a lot of time living in the cottage there) after the deaths of his brother and nephew. He left £45,055.

 

Parents and antecedents

Inigo-Jones’s family was of Welsh extraction and he was the great-great-great-great-grandson of the classical architect Inigo Jones (1573–1652) via the latter’s second son. His family also included several professional soldiers. His grandfather, Inigo William Jones, MA (b. 1806, d. 1878 in Nice, France), retired from the Regular Army in the 11^th (Prince Albert’s Own) Hussars as a Major and then became the Commanding Officer (CO) of the 1^st Battalion, the Somerset Rifle Volunteers, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. And his father’s brother, Captain Christopher Neeld Jones (1851–82) joined the Army in 1870, fought in the Zulu War (1879) and the First Boer War (1880–81), and was killed in action, aged 31, on 13 September 1882 at the Battle of Tel-el-Kebir, near Ismailia in northern Egypt. This was during the brief Anglo-Egyptian War of 1882 when he was serving with the Connaught Rangers (formed in 1881 from the amalgamation of the 94^th, 88^th and 89^th Regiments of Foot) and leading the left attacking Company of the Regiment.

 

 

Inigo-Jones’s father trained as an officer cadet at the Royal Military College (Sandhurst), and on 18 December 1866 he was commissioned Ensign and Lieutenant in the Scots Fusilier Guards, whose name was changed to the Scots Guards by Queen Victoria in 1877. He was promoted Lieutenant and Captain (by purchase) on 4 February 1871 (London Gazette, no. 23,702, 3 February 1871, p. 385), Captain and Lieutenant-Colonel on 15 March 1879 (LG, no. 24,715, 29 April 1879, p. 3,055), Major on 1 July 1886 (LG, no. 25,609, 20 July 1886, p. 3,507), Colonel in the Army on 1 July 1890, Major-General on 23 September 1905, and Lieutenant-Colonel commanding the 2^nd Battalion of the Scots Guards on 23 May 1906.

During the Sudan Expedition of 1885 – also known as the Suakin (Suakim and Sawakin) Expedition after the port on the Red Sea in north-eastern Sudan where the Expedition landed and was based – he served with the 2^nd Battalion, fought in the Battles of Hasheen and Tofrek on 20 and 22 March, and was awarded the Sudan Medal (with clasp) and the Khedive’s Star.

 

 

On 15 March 1900, when the Second Boer War (11 October 1899–31 May 1902) – also known as the South-African War or the Anglo-Boer War – was barely six months old, Colonel Inigo Jones, now the CO of the 2^nd Battalion, the Scots Guards, sailed for the Cape on board the HMT Britannic (1874; scrapped 1903). He and his men landed there at Port Elizabeth, in Cape Colony, on about 1 April 1900, when the conflict was going badly for the British, mainly for two reasons. First, years of training by means of irrelevant and outdated parade movements “had dulled the senses of the rank and file”, with the result that they were unused to exercising initiative when under fire. Second, most regimental officers were unwilling to give up control of their men and insisted on close order formations even though it was becoming ever more obvious that open order formations were vital in the face of modern weaponry.

Inigo Richmund Jones’s subsequent participation in the war is barely ever mentioned by historians and what follows has been put together on the basis of sketchy information. But we do know that three days later he was removed from this command and appointed to the Staff of General (later Field-Marshal) Lord Frederick Sleigh Roberts (1832–1914) (the 1^st Earl Roberts of Kandahar), who had arrived in South Africa on 23 December 1899 to take over as Commander-in-Chief from General Sir Redvers Buller, VC (1839–1908), following a series of disastrous defeats. Roberts reversed this military situation, and on 13 March 1900, following the Battle of Paaderburg (Perdeberg), General Piet Cronjé (1836–1911) surrendered Bloemfontein, 624 miles north-east of Cape Town and the capital of the (Orange) Free State (1854–1902), one of the two independent Boer Republics, to the British, together with 4,150 of his men, without a shot being fired.

On 10 April 1900 Inigo Jones was given the local rank of Major-General and replaced Major-General (later Lieutenant-General) Sir Reginald Pole-Carew (1849–1924) (12^th Baronet) as General Officer Commanding (GOC) the four-Battalion Guards Brigade in South Africa, while Pole-Carew became the GOC the 11^th Division, which included the Guards Brigade. After the surrender of Bloemfontein, Roberts’s prime strategic aim was Pretoria, 290 miles to the north-east and the capital of the South African Republic (1852–1902), the second independent Boer Republic. The British called it the Transvaal, and Roberts continued his advance towards it in early May 1900, still with Major-General Inigo Jones on his Staff. Inigo Jones saw action with the Guards Brigade at the forcing of the Vet River (5–6 May 1900) and the Battle of the Zand River (9–10 May 1900), both in the (Orange) Free State. He was also present at the Battle of Biddulphsberg (29 May 1900), another town in the Free State, when a British column commanded by General Sir Henry Rundle (1856–1934) was ambushed by well-concealed Boer marksmen who were positioned on the hill there. The British were forced to withdraw when the Veldt caught fire, costing them 38 men killed in action, 129 wounded (many badly burned), and 11 prisoners.

Inigo Jones subsequently took part in the fighting between late May and 29 November 1900 in the South African Republic near Johannesburg and Pretoria, and after the capture of Pretoria on 5 June 1900 his Brigade was also involved in the fighting to the east of that city – notably the Battle of Diamond Hill (Donkerhoek; 11–12 June 1900), when an army of 14,000 British troops decisively defeated an army of 4,000 Boers in a pitched battle that some historians see as the turning point in the war, since it ensured that the weakened Boer Army would not be able to retake Pretoria and had to start rethinking its tactics. Finally, on 21–27 August, Inigo Jones may well have been present at the Battle of Bergendal (Belfast), c.41 miles east of Pretoria. The penultimate set-piece battle of the war, it enabled the British to break through the Boer lines on 28 August and take Machadodorp (now eNtokozweni), which had been the provisional capital of the South African Republic between 13 March and 11 May 1900. Nevertheless, the battle itself was something of a Pyrrhic victory since it cost the British five times more casualties killed, wounded or missing than their Boer opponents.

On 24 September 1900, the Guards Brigade concluded its part in Britain’s subjugation of the Boer Republics by arriving at Komatipoort, 260 miles east of Pretoria, at the confluence of the Crocodile and Komati Rivers and some two miles west of the South African Republic’s border with Mozambique, which was a Portuguese colony from 1505 until 1975. Inigo Jones was probably not with the Brigade during this expedition, but he was almost certainly present at the final pitched battle of the war at Rhenosterkop on 29 November 1900, the day when he was made a CB (Companion of the Order of the Bath; London Gazette, no. 11,296, 23 April 1901, p. 462). On the same day Major-General (later Field-Marshal) Horatio Herbert Kitchener (1850–1916) (later the 1^st Earl Kitchener), Roberts’s second-in-command and “operational commander”, was promoted Lieutenant-General in anticipation of being made a local General and taking over from Roberts as the Commander-in-Chief of British and Imperial forces in South Africa on 12 December.

After the Boers’ defeat at Rhenosterkop, a period of stalemate ensued during which the two sides considered their tactics. But in January 1901 the Boers decided that in future they would avoid pitched battles against an enemy whose army was well armed and had become huge – over 400,000 men against the Boers’ 40–50,000 men at the height of the hostilities – and would exploit the kind of guerrilla tactics that had been successful against British troop columns, telegraph sites, storage facilities and railways since the opening months of the war, when the Boers’ only “superior weapon” was their mobility. Their decision meant the determined deployment of relatively small but highly mobile detachments of skilled horse commandos who were armed with modern Mauser rifles, and were expert shots and familiar with the landscape – and the prolongation of the war by a further 18 months.

The British responded by developing a strategy of containment which they had been using to a limited extent for the best part of a year and whose aim was to limit the mobility of the Boer mounted commandos by cordoning off all the conquered Boer territory. This strategy had five major aspects. First, a scorched earth policy – i.e. the destruction of supplies, livestock, food resources, farms and towns whose owners and inhabitants were suspected of actively helping the Boers – a tactic that Roberts had demonstrably been in favour of using since 14 June 1900 at the earliest. Second, a greater use of more mobile forces against the Boer mounted commandos, such as mounted infantry or Kitchener’s tactic of “great sweeps” or “great drives” by columns of troops 1,000–2,000 strong. Third, starting in November/December 1900 the creation of concentration camps for women, children and old men who had been dispossessed and/or rendered homeless by the scorched earth policy. By September 1901 there were 34 of these in South Africa and at their height they contained 116,572 inmates, of whom an estimated 27,927 (24 %) died in captivity, mainly of disease and malnutrition caused by poor administration of the camps and inadequate medical care. Of these, 15% were women, 79% were children and 6% were old men. Fourth, the progressive criss-crossing of the South African veldt by 3,700 miles of barbed wire fencing, a relatively new American invention. And fifth, led by Major-General Sir Elliott Webb (1844–1931), the senior Royal Engineers officer in South Africa who had several very able and skilled subordinates under his command – such as Major (later Major-General, KCMG, CB) Spring Robert Rice (1858–1929), the CO of 23 Field Company, the Royal Engineers – the British built c.8,600 blockhouses, easily defensible strong-points, along the recently completed national railway system that spanned South Africa and linked its major cities.

The blockhouse project had begun in March 1900, and by the end of the war in May 1902, 441 large blockhouses, made of solid masonry, had been constructed at major strategic points like bridges, junctions and stations – usually 35 foot high, with three storeys and loopholes for rifles and machine-guns that were protected by extra thick metal plates. But as these were expensive and could take months to build, the British, starting in March 1901, began to sink mass-produced, pre-fabricated, one-storey blockhouses made of double-skinned corrugated iron, which was sometimes in-filled with rubble, along South Africa’s railway tracks every 1,000 to 1,600 yards or so. These could be set up in as little as three hours and were linked by dense barbed wire fences, reinforced by trenches, barbed wire entanglements, cleared fields of fire, sandbags, earth and other natural material. The larger blockhouses were usually garrisoned by around two dozen men and the smaller ones by a non-commissioned officer plus six to eight men, and because the Boers had lost nearly all their artillery in the set-piece battles of the previous year, even the smaller blockhouses were sufficiently strong to make their capture or destruction by marauding and lightly armed commandos difficult. So although the blockhouse system pinned down well over 50,000 British troops plus 16,000 armed Africans (who, by 1901, were opposed in the field by c.30,000 Boers), one military historian has claimed that by November 1901, 14,450 square miles of land in the Transvaal and 17,100 square miles of land in the Orange Free State had been cleared of Boer commandos, and another has said that the blockhouse system was successful because although “the wrecking of the railways reached a maximum in November and December 1900 [i.e. the period of stalemate], not a single important railway bridge was demolished by the Boers during Kitchener’s command [i.e. after mid-December 1900]”. The blockhouse system may have been successful, but it could make heavy demands on the British, as witnessed by the letter that Lieutenant John Evelyn Gibbs (see E.L. Gibbs) wrote from South Africa to his sister Anstice on 11 April 1902:

At last our poor unhappy men have returned to their Battalion houses, as the party of Boers, who they were supposed to catch, crossed where the authorities had forgotten to put men out. To show you what fun picking up men at Blockhouses and putting them down at others is, I may tell you that yesterday the Train started at 4 a.m. from Stormberg (about 40 miles from here) and got here at 7 p.m., and I expect is still going, as it has to put out men for the next 50 miles, fun for the Engine Driver and the Guard.

We do not know what, if anything, Major-General Inigo Jones contributed to the first four aspects of the British strategy of containment, but he is reported to have distinguished himself in 1901 by overseeing the construction of a line of 241 mass-produced block-houses – i.e. c.2.9 per cent of the total number of such constructions – at locations which we have not been able to identify. And despite having only 60 sappers and limited supplies at his disposal, he managed to complete these block-houses, fully garrisoned and equipped with wire entanglements, alarm guns and mines, in a mere 15 days, an achievement for which he was mentioned in dispatches for the first time (see below).

 

 

In March 1901 Inigo Jones became GOC the Midland District of the predominantly English-speaking Cape Colony (1795–1910), in the very south of the country – a command which lasted until 7 April 1902. Moreover, for his services during the war he was mentioned in dispatches twice (LG, no. 27,305, 16 April 1901, p. 2,604; no. 27,459, 29 July 1902, p. 4,837) and awarded the Queen’s Medal with five clasps and the King’s Medal with two clasps. He left South Africa on 17 September 1902, losing his rank as local Major-General on 4 October, and on completion of his period of service as a Staff Officer, he was placed on half pay with effect from 5 December 1902. But he immediately became the Commanding Officer of the Scots Guards with the substantive rank of Colonel (Colonel in the Army with effect from 1 June 1903) (LG, no. 27,563, 12 June 1903, pp. 3,713-4), and until 1905 he was also the CO of the 3^rd London Volunteer Infantry Brigade, in which latter capacity he was appointed Field Officer in Brigade Waiting at the Court of Edward VII and made a Commander of the Victorian Order (LG, no. 27,811, 27 June 1905, p. 4,550). On 23 September 1905 he was promoted Major-General but without the half pay of a Major-General until 24 November 1905 (LG, no. 27,859, 1 December 1905, pp. 8,646–7) and from that latter date until 22 September 1908, when he was placed on the Retired List with retirement pay, he commanded the garrison in the Straits Settlements (now Malaysia; LG, no. 28,179, 22 September 1908, p. 6,861).

Although Inigo Jones preferred to live in London after leaving the Army, he was also active near Kelston Hall, where he was a JP on the Weston Bench, a Poor Law Guardian, a Rural District Councillor for Kelston, and the President of the Weston Conservative Association. Following an appendectomy, he died in his home at 10, South Audley Street, Mayfair, on 20 July 1914 at the height of the London season, leaving c.£24,190 gross in a will that he had made on 16 October 1890 (modified by a codicil of 15 February 1900). Because of the deaths of the General and his son in July and September 1914 respectively, there was a dispute over the residuary estate of £15,000 which came before the Chancery Court in October 1914. In April 1915, the Judge ruled that it should become part of the General’s son’s estate and go to the General’s widow as his executrix. According to the report on his very well-attended funeral that appeared in the Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette, he was “held in the highest regard and esteem as a considerate landlord, a splendid type of British officer and a thorough English gentleman”.

Inigo-Jones’s mother was the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel, the Hon. Richard Charteris (1822–74), the 2^nd son of Francis Charteris (1796–1883), the 9^th Earl of Wemyss. She was also the granddaughter of Francis Charteris, the 7^th Earl of Wemyss (1723–1808) and Lady Catherine Gordon (c.1710–1786), the sixth daughter of Alexander Gordon, the 2^nd Duke of Gordon and a Jacobite (c.1678–1728).

 

Siblings and their families

Half-brother of:

(1) Gladys Agnes (1879–97), the daughter of his father’s first marriage, to Alice Charlotte Matilda Inigo-Jones (née Dawson) (1851–85) (m. 1878); (2) Eva Adela Mabel (1883–1936); later Sackville-West after her marriage in 1908 to Bertrand George Sackville-West (1872–1959); four children, one of whom, Lionel Bertrand Sackville-West (1913–2004), 6^th Baron Sackville from 1965, was at Magdalen 1931–34 (3^rd in PPE);

(3) Alice (Allix) Doreen (1885–1956); later Lloyd-Mostyn after her marriage in 1915 to Captain James Pryce Lloyd-Mostyn (1879–1968).

Brother of:

(1) Maud Evelyn (1889–1976); later Cross after her marriage in 1918 to Richard Assheton Cross, 2^nd Viscount Cross (1882–1932); then Coldwell after her marriage in 1944 to Guy Hope Coldwell (1883–1948).

Bertrand George Sackville-West graduated from Christ Church, Oxford in 1894, and from 1895 was an Inspector in the Ottoman Public Debt Office. During the war he served in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve as a Lieutenant Commander.

James Pryce Lloyd-Mostyn was a professional soldier educated at the Royal Military Academy, Sandhurst. He was a major in the Egyptian Army until 1916, when he transferred to the Norfolk Regiment and commanded the 1^st Battalion.

Richard Assheton Cross was in the civil service and in the 15 years up to his death he was Principal Secretary to the Treasury.

Guy Hope Coldwell was a Lieutenant in the Shropshire Yeomanry and then the Army Service Corps in the war. He was a landowner farming near Ludlow, Shropshire.

 

Education

From c.1898 to 1905, Inigo-Jones attended Wellington House Preparatory School, Westgate-on-Sea, Thanet, Kent (1886–1970), where he was tutored by its headmaster, the Reverend Herbert Bull (1854–1928), a graduate of Trinity College, Cambridge (cf. W.G. Houldsworth, A. Graham Menzies). Bull had co-founded Wellington House in 1886, two years after he was ordained deacon, and two years before he was ordained priest and instituted as the Curate of St Saviour’s Church, Westgate-on-Sea. Inigo-Jones then attended Eton College from 1905 to 1909, where he was a member of the shooting VIII in 1909. He matriculated at Magdalen as a Commoner on 13 October 1909, having taken Responsions in Hilary Term 1909. He took the First Public Examination in the Hilary and Michaelmas Terms of 1910 and spent the rest of his time at Magdalen reading for a Pass Degree (Groups B2 [French Language], B3 [Elements of Political Economy], and E2 [Tactics, Map Reading and Field Sketching, Field Engineering]). He took Finals in Michaelmas Term 1912 and his BA on 16 January 1913 alongside W.D. Nicholson and J.P.F. Kennedy. He was a member of Pratt’s, the Guards’ and the Conservative Clubs, London.

 

 

“R.I.P. He was a pleasant, intelligent boy, lighthearted and a bit idle when here.”

 

Military and war service

Inigo-Jones became a member of the Oxford University Officers’ Training Corps during his first term at Magdalen, and being, like his father, well over 6 foot tall, he was made a Second Lieutenant on probation in the 1^st Battalion, the Scots Guards, during his final year, on 6 February 1912. His commission was confirmed on 18 January 1913 and he was promoted Lieutenant on 3 May 1913. So he was a serving officer when war broke out, and together with two other Magdalen men who were in the 1^st Battalion – Houldsworth and Graham Menzies – he left Aldershot, Hampshire, for Southampton on 13 August 1914 and reached Le Havre on 15 August.

The Battalion entrained later on the same day, and travelling north-westwards via Rouen, Amiens, Arras and Cambrai, arrived at le-Nouvion-en-Thiérache on 16 August. From there it marched for five days, first north-east to Cartignies (21 August) and thence to the Belgian border, which it crossed on 22 August, arriving at Grand Reng on the following day. Here, as part of the 1^st Guards Brigade, 1^st Division, it was on the extreme right of I Corps, next to the French 5^th Army. The German attack southwards from Belgium into France towards Paris began on 23 August, and on the following day the Battalion began its long withdrawal south-south-westwards for ten days, sometimes marching for 30 miles in a day in very hot and trying conditions, until it reached Chambry on 2 September, where, as part of the 1^st Division’s rear-guard, it covered the 1^st Division’s crossing of the Grand Morin river at Coulommiers. On 3 September the Battalion crossed the Marne at Germigny; on 4 September it reached Coulommiers; and on 5 September it halted at the village of Nesles, just north of Rozay-en-Brie, where its retreat from Mons came to an end.

From 6 to 9 September, the Battalion took part in the general advance north-eastwards. It crossed the River Marne at Nogent l’Artaud on 9 September, and went thence to Bazoches-sur-Vesles (12 September) before crossing the River Aisne, the Aisne Canal and the Aisne et Oise Canal (13 September). By 7 a.m. on 14 September 1914, the Battalion was on the hill between Vendresse-Beaulne and Troyon, fighting to gain control of Chivy-Lès-Étouvelles and the heights above Vendresse-Beaulne and Cerny as part of the Battle of the Aisne. Inigo-Jones was killed in action here, at Vendresse-Troyon, aged 22, one of the Battalion’s 120 casualties killed, wounded or missing. He has no known grave. His name is on the huge memorial that stands next to the bridge at La Ferté-sous-Jouarre (c.40 miles east of Paris) and commemorates the 3,888 British soldiers killed in 1914 at Mons, at Le Cateau-Cambrésis, on the Marne and on the Aisne.

A memorial service for Inigo-Jones took place in St Nicholas’s Church, Kelston, on Thursday, 24 September 1914:

There were many residents in the village present, and several of the men in the congregation wore white armlets as a token of mourning. The service consisted of the greater portion of the Order for the Burial of the Dead. The 39^th Psalm was selected, and the familiar lesson from I Corinthians xv was read by the Rector. The hymns were: ‘Blest are the pure in heart’, ‘Fight the Good Fight’, and ‘On the Resurrection Morning’. At the conclusion of the service, a verse of the National Anthem was sung.

On 26 September 1914 C.C.J. Webb recorded Inigo-Jones’s death in his Diary and remarked: “R.I.P. He was a pleasant, intelligent boy, lighthearted and a bit idle when here.” On 1 January 1915 Webb visited Inigo-Jones’s mother at 10, South Audley Street, and noted in his Diary:

[Poor Mrs Inigo-Jones] lost her husband & son within a few weeks. She seemed composed but full of her boy’s memory. She is like him to look at. She is going for a sea voyage with only a maid for company to India, where she will spend a fortnight only.

Inigo-Jones left £2,240 9s. 5d.

 

 

Bibliography

For the books and archives referred to here in short form, refer to the Slow Dusk Bibliography and Archival Sources.

 

Special Acknowledgements:

The authors wish to extend their thanks to Mr David J. Hogg for giving us his permission to quote from In Memoriam (see below).

 

Printed sources:

Cuthbert (1903), pp. 207, 253.

[Anon.], The Official Records of the Guards Brigade in South Africa (London: J.J. Keliher, 1904).

Edward Hugh Bethell, The Blockhouse System in the South African War (Chatham: W. & J. Mackay for the Institute of Royal Engineers, 1905). 

[Anon.], ‘Death of General Inigo Jones’, Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette, no. 8,078 (25 June 1914), p. 5.

[Anon.], ‘Death of Major-General Inigo Jones’, The Times, no. 40,581 (21 July 1914), p. 10.

[Anon.], ‘Lieut. Inigo Jones: Killed in Action in France’, Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette, no. 8,086 (19 September 1914), p. 3.

[Anon.], ‘The Late Lieut. Inigo Jones: Memorial Service at Kelston’, Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette, no. 8,087 (26 September 1914), p. 3.

[Anon.], ‘General Inigo Jones’s Will’, Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette, no. 8,089 (10 October 1914), p. 5. 

[Thomas Herbert Warren], ‘Oxford’s Sacrifice’, The Oxford Magazine, 33, no. 1 (16 October 1914), p. 11.

[Anon.], ‘General Inigo Richmund Jones’s Will’, Western Daily Press, no. 17,841 (21 April 1915), p. 7.

[Anon.], ‘Action in Chancery Court’, Bath Chronicle and Weekly Gazette, no. 8,027 (24 April 1915), p. 8.

Clutterbuck, i (1916), p. 207.

Petre, Ewart and Lowther (1925), pp. 4, 17–22 and 70.

Richard Tomlinson, ‘Britain’s Last Castles: Masonry Blockhouses of the South African War, 1899–1902’, Military History Journal (Saxonwold, RSA), 10, no. 6 (December 1997), pp. 206–19.

Field Marshal Lord Carver, The National Army Museum Book of The Boer War (London: Sidgwick & Jackson in association with the National Army Museum, 1999).

Martin Marix Evans, Encyclopaedia of the Boer War (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 1999), pp. 25–6, 78, 94–5 [also available on-line at AngloBoerWar.com].

John Gooch (ed.), The Boer War (London: Frank Cass, 2000).

David J. Hogg, In Memoriam: Tyntesfield and The First World War, second edition (Croydon: CPI Group, 2014), p. 90.

 

Archival sources:

MCA: Ms. 876 (III), vol. 2.

OUA: UR 2/1/69.

OUA (DWM): C.C.J. Webb, Diaries, MS. Eng. misc. d. 1112.

WO95/1263.

 

On-line sources:  

Fransjohan Pretorius, ‘Boer civilians and the scorched earth policy of Lords Roberts and Kitchener in the South African War of 1899–1902’: https://hofflandia.wordpress.com/boer-civilians-and-the-scorched-earth-policy-of-lords-roberts-and-kitchener-in-the-south-african-war-of-1899-1902/ (accessed 11 March 2019).

Graham J. Morris, ‘The British Army and the Second Boer War’ (2004): https://battlefieldanomalies.com/2boerwar/ (accessed 11 March 2019).

Wikipedia, ‘Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener’: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener (accessed 11 March 2019).

Wikipedia, ‘Second Boer War’: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Boer_War (accessed 11 March 2019).