Ernst Maria Richard Stadler, B.Litt

• Matriculated: 1906

• Born: 11 August 1883

• Died: 30 October 1914

• Regiment: Feldartillerie-Regiment

• Grave/Memorial: Cimitière St-Louis, Robertsau, Strasbourg: 4C.V.3

Family background

b. 11 August 1883 in Sankt Peterwall No. 5 (now 21, Boulevard St-Pierre), Colmar (Alsace, then part of the German Second Empire [Prussia]). Second son of Xavier Adolf Stadler (1843–1910) and Regine Catherine Stadler (née Abrell) (1854–1920).

Stadler’s father was Catholic and came from a poor agricultural family that lived in Sonthofen im Allgäu. By dint of hard work, he became a well-regarded prosecution lawyer (Staatsanwalt) in Colmar who, on 9 January 1896, moved to Strasbourg (Grandidierstr. 1) when he was promoted Ministerialrat and became an official in the Prussian Ministry of Justice there, a post that he held until 1906. In January 1906 he was appointed Deputy Kurator of the Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität, Strasbourg (1906–09), a senior administrator who combined some of the functions of a modern English Registrar and Vice-Chancellor: he was its Kurator from 1909 to 1910.

Stadler’s mother was Protestant and came from a commercial family that lived in Kempten im Allgäu, to the north of Sonthofen. Stadler was baptized according to the Protestant rite, but was given the Catholic Maria as one of his names.

Ernst Stadler was the brother of Hans Herbert (1880–1943). Like his younger brother, Herbert studied Law (Strasbourg and Berlin), and like his father he became a state administrator (civil service) in Saargemünd, Gebweiler, and Metz (Polizeidirektor). In 1923 he was promoted to the grade of Regierungsvizepräsident in Kassel and, from 1925, became Lord Mayor of that city.  Dismissed by the Nazis, he became a bank official in Hessen until his death in Berlin in February 1943: on 22 October 1943 his house in Kassel and all its contents, including his brother’s papers, were destroyed in one of the raids that levelled the city to the ground.

 

Education and professional life

In 1892 Stadler enrolled in the Protestantisches Gymnasium der Stadt Straβburg, a classical grammar school, where he studied until Easter 1902, when, after failing Maths at his first attempt, he finally passed Abitur. A school-friend, Richard Veit, recalled in 1953 that Stadler’s brilliance shone with particular clarity in the German essay: “I remember that he had a beautiful dark deep voice and read things out well.”  His passions as a school-boy were music and the theatre, and like so many of his generation he was an enthusiastic disciple of Richard Wagner and Friedrich Nietzsche. From December 1901 until summer 1904, Stadler became a lifelong friend of his near-twin, the poet René Schickele (1883–1940), who was the centre of a group that called itself Das Jüngste Elsaβ and sought to bring about an artistic and spiritual renewal in Alsace by means of three periodicals: Der Stürmer (July–November 1902; n.b. no connection with Julius Streicher’s anti-semitic Hetzblatt of the NS-Zeit), Der Merker (April/May 1903) and Der Stänkerer (1903). It was thanks to this group that Stadler was able to publish his earliest poems. At Easter 1902 he enrolled at Strasbourg University as a student of German Language and Literature, with French and Comparative Literature as his subsidiary subjects. After a spell of military service (1902–03), he spent the summer Semester 1904 studying philosophy at the University of Munich, and in December of that year he published his first volume of poetry, Präludien, that was deeply indebted to the work of Stefan George (1868–1933). In summer 1906 he was awarded his first doctorate (magna cum laude) at the University of Strasbourg for a dissertation that compared two of the manuscripts of Wolfram von Eschenbach’s Parzival (c.1200–10). In autumn 1908 he was awarded his higher doctorate at Strasbourg for a dissertation on Christoph Martin Wieland’s translations of Shakespeare.

 

 

An extremely promising young scholar with excellent connections, through his father, to the Prussian educational hierarchy in Berlin (notably Friedrich Althoff [1838–1908], the Prussian Minister of Education), Stadler became a German Rhodes Scholar at Magdalen 1906–08 and was granted additional time in the summer Semester 1910. But he was not particularly happy living in College and wanted to spend his second year there in lodgings. This was partly because he was not a “good College man”, partly because the dons there treated him on the whole as though he were an undergraduate and ignored or belittled his German academic qualifications, critical abilities and poetic gifts, and partly because he, like a few other German Rhodes Scholars whose primary commitment was to “die strenge Zucht der Wissenschaft” (“the stern discipline of academic research”), was alienated from the sport-centred, lotus-eating undergraduate culture that was so typical of Oxford in general during the Edwardian epoch. And thanks to the unswerving support of Thomas Herbert Warren (1853–1930), Magdalen’s President from 1885 to 1929, who was just about to enter the most influential period of his life (he was Oxford’s Vice-Chancellor from 1906–1910), this culture was particularly strong at Magdalen, which had gone Head of the River in June 1906 and celebrated the achievement with a bacchanalian rout (see G.M.R. Turbutt), which, thankfully, Stadler was spared. Consequently, Stadler’s main academic connections at Oxford were not College but university appointees, notably his supervisor Professor Hermann Georg Fiedler (1862–1945), i.e. men who were relatively peripheral to college life and more central to Oxford’s relatively small faculties. Once in Oxford, Stadler fitted in as best he could with the absurd, not to say insulting, demands which the College made on his time – e.g. weekly tutorials at which he was supposed to read out an undergraduate-level essay to a bored tutor – but in mid-1907, he had the idea of asking permission to spend extra time at Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar so that he could read for a B.Litt, and in due course this request received the blessing of the Rhodes Trust and the Kaiser himself. So after spending a compulsory year (1908–09) working as a Privatdozent (non-stipendiary lecturer) in Strasbourg, teaching Middle High German and the History of German Drama up to Lessing, Stadler returned to Oxford for the summer term 1910, ostensibly to complete his work for the B.Litt thesis.  But when he returned, Stadler was not being entirely honest about his intentions, since his main concern from 12 March 1908 to April 1911 was the edition, commissioned by the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin, of the three volumes of the multi-volume Historisch-kritische Gesamtausgabe of Wieland’s works that involved his Shakespeare translations. And this was followed by the preparation of an updated version of Wilhelm Wackernagel’s edition of Hartmann von Aue’s Der arme Heinrich, which appeared in May 1911. Moreover, in June 1910, not long after Stadler had arrived back in Oxford and attended the funeral of Edward VII in London (20 May), he was offered an Assistant Lectureship at the Free University of Brussels with effect from 1 October 1911. Stadler accepted the offer, even though it meant another move and, presumably, the preparation of new teaching material, and he stayed in Brussels until mid-1914, becoming Senior Lecturer/Reader there on 29 June 1912. And just for good measure, between April and December 1911, the overloaded Stadler published five articles, a dozen reviews and seventeen poems (five in Die Aktion [Berlin], one of the two leading Expressionist periodicals).  Notwithstanding the overlap between his work on the Wieland edition and his work for the Oxford B.Litt, the huge amount of work that Stadler had taken on explains why he got badly behind with his B.Litt, causing considerable friction between himself and Magdalen’s Tutorial Board. He finally submitted his dissertation on the history of Shakespeare criticism in Germany (now lost) on 3 December 1911 and was vivaed in Oxford on 23 March 1912 (degree awarded on 25 March 1912). He took his B.Litt at Congregation on 25 May 1912, the day on which L.W. Hunter, another of Magdalen’s budding academics who would be killed in action, took his MA.

 

 

 

Between January and June 1912 Stadler contributed more poems to Die Aktion, began contributing reviews of contemporary German Literature in the newly founded Cahiers Alsaciens, and began regularly to visit the pulsating metropolis of Berlin, an experience that significantly changed his way of writing poetry. Between January and June 1913 he began to publish his most significant poems in Die Aktion, many of which were then anthologized in Der Aufbruch (published December 1913). In the same year he accepted an invitation to translate a selection of poetry by the French Catholic poet Francis Jammes (1868–1938), began to translate essays by the French Catholic Socialist Charles Péguy (1873–1914), and published a selection of German translations of short prose works by Honoré de Balzac (spring 1913). On 23 June 1913, he was made an informal offer of an associate professorship in German at the University of Toronto with effect from 1 July 1914 – which he accepted, informally, on 15 September 1913 on condition that after two years the post would be upgraded to a full professorship. A formal offer followed on 26 March 1914 which stipulated that Stadler should start work in Toronto at the end of September 1914, and in late May/early June, he vacated his apartment in Uccle (1139, Chaussée de Waterloo), a residential suburb in the south-west of Brussels.

In academic circles, Stadler was by now becoming well-known as a specialist in Alsatian literature. But he was also extremely productive in several directions, with his talents as a creative writer, literary critic, and translator feeding off one another to produce a many-sided oeuvre. But he had by no means reached the zenith of his productivity, and his work, considered overall, still lacked clear direction. Indeed, he had yet to write a work that encompassed and pulled together the various aspects of his oeuvre to date, and his premature death means that we have been left with an oeuvre which contains one major poem – ‘Fahrt über die Kölner Rheinbrücke bei Nacht’ (spring 1913), a dozen or so poems which are regarded as minor Expressionist classics, and a large number of competent, but less memorable poems.  Stadler’s oeuvre has erotic, vitalistic, religious and social aspects; it involves a quest for a religious home that seems to be taking the poet towards a hieratic Catholicism but by no means precludes a social gospel; it is European in its scope; it involves the will to explore the experience of modernity; and above all it involves a burning desire to find, express and keep hold of a fundamental integrity that can maintain all the elements of Stadler’s oeuvre in some kind of dynamic equilibrium.

 

Military and war service

From autumn 1902 to 1903, Stadler did his basic military training as a “One-year Volunteer” in Strasbourg with the 2^nd Upper Alsatian Field Artillery Regt No. 51. He left as a Staff-Sergeant (Vizewachtmeister) in the German Army Reserve and was promoted Reserve Lieutenant in 1907. Here it must be stressed that apart from the poem ‘Der Aufbruch’ (1912/1913) – a naïve, vitalist evocation of a pre-modern cavalry charge – his writing contains barely a trace of that purgative war-fever that drew so many young men, whether artists and intellectuals or not, into the war.

 

 

Stadler, an instinctive cosmopolitan who knew and liked England, France and Belgium, must have been desperately depressed by the war, and had he been able to make the decision during the last two weeks of July 1914, he could probably have got away with going to Canada and staying there, or, like his German-speaking Alsatian friends Hans Arp (1886–1966) and Otto Flake (1880–1963) from Das Jüngste Elsaβ, going as a refugee to Switzerland or even to England and allowing himself to be interned for the duration. But he chose none of these routes, mainly because of his sense of duty, but perhaps in part because a French fortune-teller had warned him that he would die a violent death in the coming year, and he allowed himself to be mobilized. So on 31 July 1914 he reported to Field Artillery Regt No. 80 in Colmar, part of 39^th Division, XV Corps in Generaloberst Josias von Heeringen’s 7^th Army, where he was an officer in charge of two guns – almost certainly the standard 7.7cm German Field Gun Model 96 n[euer] A[rt] – in No. 2 Battery under Captain Langrock. From 1 until 11 August, Stadler’s Regiment took part in the fighting that went on in Alsace to the west and south-west of Strasbourg and he started to write down his experiences in a war diary in a brisk, military German. On 2 August, Stadler’s Regiment found itself up in the Vosges Mountains, in the area Triembach/Neuve-Église/St Maurice, 30 miles south-west of Strasbourg and 5 miles north of Haut-Königsburg, spread out in a westerly advance along what is now the D424. Significantly, on 3 August, before he had seen any fighting, Stadler was already remarking how much he likes his Battery Commander, Captain Langrock, because he, in contrast to the local Light Infantry Major (Jäger-Major), sees the terrible and tragic sides of this war and is not one of those heedlessly pushy types (“blinden Draufgängern”) who see war as the source of highest pleasure for the soldier. Although it did not take part in any significant action during early August, Stadler’s Regiment had unwittingly played its part in the successful German attempt to decoy General Bonneau’s 1^st Army into the Vosges and keep it pinned down there. The Regiment then stayed in the same locality until 10 August, when it advanced further westwards round the south of Mount Climont (3,000 ft), down over the Col d’Urbeis into the valley where it crossed the border into France – a very moving experience for Stadler. From there it carried on through Lubine and Colroy-la-Grande down into Provenchères, and then further westwards still, up into the mountains towards Nancy. Here, at 06.00 hours on 11 August, it began shelling masses of French infantry, was fired on in return, and compelled to retrace its steps to St Maurice – where it stayed until 14 August, the opening day of the Battle for Lorraine that is known as the Battle of the Frontiers. Within this context, Stadler’s Regiment then turned its withdrawal north-eastwards into an advance north-eastwards and arrived at Eichhoffen, south of Barr, on 16 August, where it had a fine view over the Rhine. Once on the flat floor of the Rhine Valley, the Regiment made rapid progress northwards through Molsheim, Sulzbad and Fessenheim to Quatzenheim, about 30 miles due east of Strasbourg.  After a day’s rest, the Regiment turned west, out of Alsace and towards the fighting that would take place in the mountains of southern Lorraine around Abreschviller on 20/21 August. Although Stadler’s Regiment took no part in this fighting, it reached the little mountain village of Hohwalsch, to the east of Abreschviller, on 22 August. Here, for the first time, Stadler encountered at first hand the terror and violence of modern war, and his diary contains a page-long, shocked and very moving description of the havoc that had been wrought in an insignificant village which happened to be in the way. Over the next three days, the Regiment’s advance continued across the Vosges through Abreschweiler, then south-west to St Quirin, across into France at La Forêt and into Cirey-sur-Vezouse, then due south via Petitmont, the shelled-out town of Badonviller, and Neufmaisons, until finally, on 29 August, Stadler’s Regiment was one kilometre away from Raon l’Étape, a gateway to the broad plains of western France. But there was no further advance and on 30 August, Stadler’s Regiment withdrew northeastwards via La Trouche to Celles-sur-Plaine, where it exercised until the afternoon of 2 September. Then, on the following day, it moved south-westwards again through the badly damaged Raon l’Étape, before hooking south-eastwards through Étival-Clairefontaine, St Michel-sur-Meurthe and St Dié-des-Vosges: it arrived at Bertrimoutier on 4 September. The Battles in the Vosges of August/September 1914 were devised by the Germans as part of a series of massive diversions that were designed to keep the Allied pressure off the Belgian front and allow them the more easily to smash southwards towards Paris as envisaged by the Schlieffen Plan. But after a month of what must have seemed like futile marching in a huge circle through the Vosges and seeing little or no significant action while the real fighting went on elsewhere, Stadler, by the evening of 3 September, was talking to a brother officer about the desirability of a rapid end to hostilities. On 5 September the Regiment had moved further to the south and taken up positions in the mountains, near Mandray, from where it could shell the departing French without any fear of a counter-bombardment. The following two days were rest days, with the official end to the Battle of the Frontiers taking place on 7 September.

A new phase of the war was about to begin, and on 8 September the Regiment began to withdraw north-eastwards towards Strasbourg via Provenchères-sur-Fave, the Franco-German crossing point on the Col de Saales, and then down the Breuschthal via Schirmbeck and Barembach. On 9 September it completed the 30 miles to Molsheim, where Stadler met his brother Herbert for the last time, and Strasbourg, whence, on 10 September, the Regiment set out by train towards northern France via Saargemünd, Saarbrücken, Merzig, Trier, Gerolstein, the Eiffel, and Aachen, finally reaching the battered city of Louvain (Löwen) on 11 September via Herbesthal and Liège (Lüttich). At 05.00 hours on 12 September, the Regiment was ordered northwards to repel an attack by the Belgians, and bombarded Kels and Waelestraat. When the fighting was over, Stadler went to see the effects of his Regiment’s fire: “Eine Masse toter Belgier in den Straβengräben” (“a mass of dead Belgians in the gutters”). On 13 September Stadler’s Battery took up position in Lipseveld and then in Werchter before withdrawing to Louvain once more. From here, for a day and a half, Stadler’s Regiment was taken on a slow train ride to Valenciennes, in northern France, via Brussels and Mons. After a two-day wait, the Regiment was then transported to Tergnier, 13 miles due south of St Quentin and 13 miles west-north-west of Laon, where it detrained at 21.00 hours in order to play a small part in the closing days of the Battle of the Aisne (12–20 September 1914), when the Allies prevented the Germans from entering Paris and drove them back to the north-east. From Laon, the Regiment had to march a good 25 miles in a long curve to the south-east, in the direction of Reims, stopped for the night of 18/19 September in the hills near the village of Aubigny, just to the east of the modern D1044, and spent 19 September in position near the woods about half a mile from the town of Corbeny, 7 miles north of the River Aisne. During the following two days, in the closing phase of the First Battle of the Aisne, Stadler’s Regiment came under fire and took some casualties – though Stadler made a point of noting in his diary how carefully Captain Langrock had positioned his guns at Fayeau-Ferme in order to keep down unnecessary losses. At 02.30 hours on 26 September, Stadler’s Battery was sent a mile-and-a-half south-westwards, to the village of Craonne, where it exchanged shots with the French artillery and took casualties, some serious. Stadler noted in his diary: “Das Grauenvolle des Krieges. Ich fühle mich schlecht” (“The terrifying gruesomeness of [the] war. I feel sick.” For eighteen days, from 28 September until 21 October, Stadler’s Battery remained at Craonne, dug into the cellars of the shattered houses, while French shells and rifle bullets fell all around them. It was here on 1 October that Stadler received his Knight’s Cross (Iron Cross) – somewhere between the British Military Cross and Distinguished Service Order): “Ich bin verwundert und beglückt zugleich. Habe es wohl kaum verdient: meine militärischen Qualitäten sind ja nicht exorbitant. Ich danke es wesentlich der Güte des Hauptmanns” (“I’m amazed and gratified all at once. I’ve scarcely earned it, since my military qualities are not exactly excessive. Essentially, I put it down to Captain [Langrock’s] kindness”). On 12 October, Craonne was subjected to very heavy shelling and an assault by French infantry which Stadler’s Battery helped to repel, and on the following day he heard that his Battery was to be relieved and pulled back to Fayeau-Ferme, near Corbey, as part of the reserve. On 21 October 1914 the whole of XV Corps set off for an unknown destination, Stadler with a splitting headache that lasted all day. His Regiment marched back north-west through Laon, then further in the same direction through Besny-et-Loizy, Couvron-et-Aumoncourt, Nouvion-le-Comte, westwards to Achery, and northwards to Mayot and Brissay-Choigny, where they arrived at about 16.00 hours. The following day was less gruelling and the Regiment gradually made its way northwards via Vendeuil, Ly-Fontaine, Clastres and Séraucourt-le-Grand to Castres, just to the south of St Quentin, where it arrived at 14.00 hours and was billeted. Stadler’s diary stops at this point, but we know that his Regiment continued northwards into Flanders, probably by train, until it arrived east of Ypres, where it took part in the First Battle of Ypres (12 October – 22 November 1914) that been in progress around the pivotal town of Ypres for nine days. During this battle, Stadler’s Regiment would have unknowingly shelled more than a few Magdalen alumni some of whom at least would have been known to him (see, for instance, G.M.R. Turbutt, C.R. McClure, E.D.F. Kelly, W.G.S. Cadogan and G.A. Loyd).

 

 

 

Stadler was hit by a British shell and killed in action in Zandvoorde, south-east of Ypres, aged 31, during the intense artillery duels that began at 07.15 hours on 30 October 1914 (see E.D.F. Kelly). The War Diary of the British 3^rd (Cavalry) Division gave the German artillery that was concealed around the Zaandvoorde Ridge special praise for its “quality and efficiency” that morning, while a note on the same action in the Crofton Diaries described it as “a bloody and gruesome engagement [which] effectively punctures the myth that the Cavalry were spared the realities of serving in the firing line”. Stadler’s mutilated remains, such as they were, were buried on 12 December 1914 in the family grave in the Protestant Cemetery at Ruprechtsau (Cimetière St-Louis, Robertsau), a northern suburb of Strasbourg; Grave 4C.V.3. His name appears on the War Memorial in Rhodes House, but when, in January 1931, Francis Wylie (1865–1952), the Oxford Secretary and future Warden of Rhodes House, enquired whether the relevant colleges had included or intended to include the names of German alumni who had been killed in action during World War One on their college war memorials, Magdalen conspicuously failed to reply. Stadler had simply been forgotten, even, it would seem, by Paul Victor Mendelssohn Benecke (1868–1944), one of the few Magdalen dons to have known Stadler personally; and Warren, who had retired as Magdalen’s President in 1928, had recently died. But in 1994, Magdalen’s Governing Body decided to commemorate Stadler on a separate plaque next to the main World War One Memorial. It includes the German inscription “Mensch, werde wesentlich”, the concluding line of Stadler’s poem ‘Der Spruch’ (1913), whose provenance is much older since it forms Spruch 30 of Book II of Der cherubinische Wandersmann (1657–74) by the mystical Silesian poet Angelus Silesius (pseudo. Johannes Scheffler) (1624–77), and it exhorts the reader to strive for that sense of integrity (“essentiality”) mentioned above.

 

Bibliography

For the books and archives referred to here in short form, refer to the Slow Dusk Bibliography and Archival Sources.

Special acknowledgements: 

**Ernst Stadler, Dichtungen, Schriften, Briefe, Klaus Hurlebusch and Karl Ludwig Schneider (eds) (Munich: C.H. Beck, 1983), especially pp. 529–71 (Stadler’s war diary 31 July – 22 October 1914) and pp. 810–15 (an outline of Stadler’s biography).

**Nina Schneider (ed.), Ernst Stadler und seine Freundeskreise [catalogue of a touring exhibition] (Hamburg: Kellner, 1993), especially pp. 247–67.

*Richard Sheppard, Ernst Stadler (1883–1914): A German Expressionist Poet at Oxford, Magdalen College Occasional Paper 2 (Oxford: Magdalen College, 1994) [produced on the occasion of the unveiling of a Memorial Plaque to Stadler].

* –– ‘The German Rhodes Scholarships’, in Anthony Kenny (ed.), The History of the Rhodes Trust (Oxford: OUP, 2001), pp. 357–408, (especially 365–8).

 

Printed sources: 

[Anon.], Geschichte des 3. Oberelsässisch[en] Feldartillerie-Regiments Nr. 80 (Oldenburg i.O. und Berlin: Verlag von Gerhard Stalling, 1928), p. 22. 

Richard Sheppard, ‘Ernst Stadler in Oxford: Addenda, Corrigenda and two Unpublished Letters’, in Michael Butler and Robert Evans (eds), The Challenge of German Culture: Essays Presented to Wilfrid van der Will (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2000), pp. 59–76.

–– (trans.) [‘Der Spruch’ and ‘Resurrectio’, two poems by Ernst Stadler], in Robert Macfarlane (ed.) Magdalen Poets: Five Centuries of Poetry from Magdalen College Oxford (Oxford: Magdalen College, 2000), pp. 88–9.

Sir Morgan Crofton, Massacre of the Innocents: The Crofton Diaries, Ypres 1914–1915, ed. by Gavin Roynon (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2005), p. 80.

Philipp Redl, Dichtergermanisten der Moderrne: Ernst Stadler, Friedrich Gundolf und Philipp Witkop zwischen Poesie und Wissenschaft (Cologne, Weimar, Vienna: Böhlau Verlag, 2016), pp. 45–144.

 

Archival sources:

WO95/589.

 

Books by Ernst Stadler [including editions and translations]:

Ernst Stadler, Praeludien [poems] (Straβburg: Verlag Josef Singer, 1905).

–– Über das Verhältnis der Handschriften D und G von Wolframs Parzival [first doctoral dissertation] (Straβburg: no publisher, 1906).

–– Wielands Gesammelte Schriften, ed. by the Deutsche Kommission der Kgl. Preuβischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Section 2: Translations. Vols 1–3: Shakespeare-Übersetzungen, Ernst Stadler (ed.) (Berlin: no publisher, 1909–11).

–– Wielands Shakespeare [Quellen und Forschungen zur Sprach- und Culturgeschichte der germanischen Völker, H. 107] (Straβburg: no publisher, 1910).

–– (ed.), Der Arme Heinrich Herrn Hartmanns von Aue und zwei jüngere Prosalegenden verwandten Inhaltes: Mit Anmerkungen und Abhandlungen von Wilhelm Wackernagel (Basel: no publisher, 1911).

–– (trans.) Das Balzac-Buch: Erzählungen und Novellen (Straβburg and Leipzig: Verlag Josef Singer, 1913).

–– (trans.) Francis Jammes: Die Gebete der Demut [poems], 1^st edn (Leipzig: KurtWolff Verlag, 1913); 2^nd (extended) edn (Munch: Kurt Wolff Verlag, 1920); special edition (Munich: Kurt Wolff Verlag, 1921).

–– and Schlein, Gustav (trans.) Chales Péguy: Aufsätze [essays] (Berlin-Wilmersdorf: Verlag Die Aktion, 1918).

–– Der Aufbruch [poems], 1^st edn (Leipzig: Verlag der Weiβen Bücher, 1914); 2^nd ed. (Munich: Kurt Wolff Verlag, 1920).

 

Substantial articles and reviews by Ernst Stadler [for a complete list of Stadler’s 188 publications, poems and reviews, see: Stadler, Dichtungen, Schriften, Briefe, pp. 817–28]:

Ernst Stadler, ‘Friedrich Lienhard: Gesammelte Gedichte. Berlin 1902’, Die Gesellschaft, 18, part 1, no. 10 (May 1902), pp. 256–61.

–– ‘Die Brüder Matthis’, Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Sprache und Literatur Elsaβ-Lothringens, 26 (1910), pp. 405–21.

–– ‘Stefan George: Selection from his Works: translated into English by Cyril Scott. London 1910’, Das literarische Echo, 12, no. 24 (15 September 1910), cols 1790–91.

–– ‘René Schickele: Weiβ und Rot: Gedichte. Berlin 1910’, Das Neue Elsaβ, 1, no. 1 (1 January 1911), pp. 13–16. 

–– ‘Zwei elsässische Romane’, Das Neue Elsaβ, 1, no. 5 (27 January 1911), pp. 73–6.

–– ‘Hans Karl Abel: Die Elsässische Tragödie: Ein Volksroman. Berlin 1911’, Das Neue Elsaβ, 1, no. 7 (10 February 1911), pp. 107–10.

–– ‘Charles De Coster’, Das Neue Elsaβ, 1, no. 14 (1 April 1911), pp. 215–18.

––  ‘Friedrich Gundolf: Shakespeare und der deutsche Geist. Berlin 1911’, Das literarische Echo, 14, no. 2 (15 October 1911), cols 88–90.

––  ‘Die neue französische Lyrik’, Der lose Vogel, 1, no. 5 (1912), pp. 166–71.

––  ‘Georg Heym: Der ewige Tag. Leipzig 1911’, Cahiers Alsaciens, 1, no. 3 (May 1912), pp. 144–6.

––  ‘Otto Flake: Schritt für Schritt: Roman’, Cahiers Alsaciens, ibid., pp. 165–7.

––  ‘Kurt Hiller (ed.): Der Kondor: Verse. Heidelberg 1912’, Cahiers Alsaciens, 1, no. 6 (November 1912), pp. 316–19.

––  ‘Georg Heym: Umbra vitae: Nachgelassene Gedichte. Leipzig 1912’, ibid., pp. 319–20.

––  ‘René Schickele’, Almanach pour les étudiants et pour la jeunesse d’Alsace-Lorraine, 2 (1913), pp. 178–89.

––  ‘Die Bücherei Maiandros: Eine Zeitschrift von 60 zu 60 Tagen’, Cahiers Alsaciens, 2, no. 8 (March 1913), pp. 98–100.

––  ‘Carl Einstein: Bebuquin oder die Dilettanten des Wunders: Ein Roman’, ibid., pp. 100–2.

––  ‘Otto Flake: Freitagskind: Roman’, ibid., 105–7.

––  ‘Franz Blei: Vermischte Schriften. 6 Bde. München 1911–12’, Cahiers Alsaciens, 2, no. 9 (May 1913), pp. 155–9.

––  ‘René Schickele: Schreie auf dem Boulevard. Berlin 1913’, Cahiers Alsaciens, 2, no. 10 (July 1913), pp. 221–4.

––  ‘Romain Rolland: Jean-Christophe’, Die Weiβen Blätter, 1, no. 2 (October 1913), pp. 168–72.

––  ‘Einleitung’, Le Sage: Gil Blas von Santillana: Mit Benutzung der Übertragung von G. Fink neu bearbeitet und hg. Von Ulrich Johannsen (Straβburg and Leipzig: no publisher,  [1913]), pp. 7–9.

––  ‘René Schickele: Benkal der Frauentröster: Roman. Leipzig 1914’, Straβburger Post (Morgen-Ausgabe: Erstes Blatt) no. 1,451 (21 December 1913), unpag.

––  ‘Franz Werfel: Wir sind: Neue Gedichte. Leipzig 1913’, Cahiers Alsaciens, 2, no. 11 (September 1913), pp. 284–5.

––  ‘Fritz Lienhard’, Almanach pour les étudiants et pour la jeunesse d’Alsace-Lorraine, 3 (1914), pp. 92–9.

––  ‘Kurt Hiller: Die Weisheit der Langenweile: Eine Zeit- und Streitschrift. 2 Bde. (Leipzig 1913)’, Cahiers Alsaciens, 3, no. 13 (January 1914), pp. 51–4.

––  ‘Carl Sternheim’ [four plays: Die Hose, Die Kassette, Bürger Schippel and Der Snob], Cahiers Alsaciens, 3, no. 14 (March 1914), pp. 123–6.